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Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance and Behavior in Children With

Jiannan Kang1, Yuqi Li1, Wenqin Mao1

  • 1Child Rehabilitation Division, Ningbo Rehabilitation Hospital, 315040 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

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Summary

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improved brain excitatory/inhibitory balance and autism behaviors in children. This non-invasive intervention shows promise for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) treatment.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderbrain modulationelectroencephalographyexcitatory/inhibitory balancetranscranial direct current stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Clinical Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors.
  • The underlying pathophysiology of ASD, particularly the brain's excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance, remains incompletely understood.
  • Current interventions for ASD lack targeted neurophysiological approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in modulating neurophysiological markers of ASD.
  • To assess the impact of tDCS on the E/I balance in children with ASD.
  • To evaluate the behavioral outcomes associated with tDCS intervention in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 42 children diagnosed with ASD.
  • Participants were assigned to either active tDCS or sham tDCS groups.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure changes in α oscillations, aperiodic exponent, and spatial synchronization; behavioral assessments included the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS).

Main Results:

  • Active tDCS led to significant increases in α oscillation power and improvements in γ-band ASPS and DFA values, indicating a shift in E/I balance.
  • Children receiving active tDCS showed notable improvements in ABC and SRS scores, reflecting enhanced social communication, sensory processing, and adaptive behaviors.
  • No significant neurophysiological or behavioral changes were observed in the sham tDCS group.

Conclusions:

  • tDCS effectively modulates brain E/I balance and improves behavioral outcomes in children with ASD.
  • These findings support tDCS as a potential non-invasive therapeutic strategy for ASD.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and long-term efficacy of tDCS for ASD treatment.