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First Sub-MeV Dark Matter Search with the QROCODILE Experiment Using Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon

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The QROCODILE experiment achieved world-leading constraints on sub-MeV dark matter using a novel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. This advancement offers directional sensitivity and probes interactions with both electrons and nucleons.

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Area of Science:

  • Experimental Particle Physics
  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Dark matter remains one of the most significant mysteries in modern physics.
  • Detecting low-mass dark matter particles (sub-MeV) requires highly sensitive experimental techniques.
  • Previous experiments have faced challenges in achieving directional sensitivity and probing interactions with both electrons and nucleons simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first results from the Quantum Resolution-Optimized Cryogenic Observatory for Dark matter Incident at Low Energy (QROCODILE) experiment.
  • To establish new world-leading constraints on the interactions of sub-MeV dark matter particles.
  • To demonstrate directional sensitivity and simultaneous constraints on electron and nucleon interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a microwire-based superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) as the target and sensor.
  • Achieved an energy threshold sensitivity as low as 0.11 eV for detecting energy deposits.
  • Leveraged the detector's thin-layer geometry for directional sensitivity and phonon-quasiparticle coupling for simultaneous interaction constraints.

Main Results:

  • Reported new world-leading constraints on sub-MeV dark matter particles with masses down to 30 keV.
  • Demonstrated directional sensitivity in dark matter interaction rate detection.
  • Simultaneously constrained interactions of dark matter with both electrons and nucleons.

Conclusions:

  • The QROCODILE experiment provides unprecedented sensitivity for low-mass dark matter detection.
  • The unique detector design enables directional sensitivity and multi-channel interaction constraints.
  • Future improvements in energy threshold and effective volume hold significant potential for advancing dark matter searches.