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Finite Element Analysis of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis With a New Partially Bioabsorbable Distractor.

Anna Liu1, Changjin Huang, Wei Liu

  • 1Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Beijing, China.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|September 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated a new bioabsorbable distractor for mandibular distraction osteogenesis. The bioabsorbable plate and screws demonstrated stability during distraction and mastication, simplifying removal after surgery.

Keywords:
Biomechanical propertiescraniofacial microsomiafinite element analysismandibular distraction osteogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Orthodontics
  • Finite Element Analysis

Background:

  • Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) involves surgical lengthening of the mandible.
  • Current MDO procedures often require a second surgery for distractor removal.
  • A novel distractor system utilizing bioabsorbable components aims to simplify this process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To biomechanically evaluate a new distractor system for MDO.
  • The system pairs a bioabsorbable upper fixing plate and screws with a traditional titanium distractor.
  • Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to assess the system's performance.

Main Methods:

  • Ten computer-aided design (CAD) models of mandibles were created from patient data.
  • FEA models were developed to simulate distraction and mastication.
  • Simulated loads were applied to assess mandibular displacement and stress distribution on the bioabsorbable components.

Main Results:

  • The bioabsorbable plate and screws provided sufficient stability during distraction and mastication with 5 or 3 screws under moderate load.
  • Under higher bilateral load, 5 screws maintained stability, while 3 screws showed stress exceeding the bioabsorbable material's yield strength.
  • Maximal mandibular displacement remained within safe limits in most simulated scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • The bioabsorbable upper fixing plate with 5 or 3 bioabsorbable screws offers stable fixation for MDO distractors.
  • The system shows potential for reducing complications associated with second surgeries.
  • Extreme masticatory forces may necessitate further optimization for the 3-screw configuration.