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Microneedle electrodes for electromyography.

Kevin J Krieger1, Thomas M Lijnse1, Madeleine M Lowery2

  • 1UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|September 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dry microneedle electrodes (MNEs) offer improved surface electromyography (sEMG) signal quality for wearable health applications. These novel electrodes overcome limitations of conventional sensors, enabling easier application and long-term, high-fidelity muscle activity monitoring.

Keywords:
Electrode-skin interfaceElectromyographical recordingsHigh-density surface electromyographyMicroneedle electrodeWearable biosensor

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Surface electromyography (sEMG) measures muscle electrical activity, crucial for health and sports.
  • Conventional electrodes face challenges like poor signal quality, skin prep needs, and limited long-term use, hindering clinical translation.
  • Wearable technology and home healthcare demand user-friendly electrodes for ambulatory, long-term sEMG monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review the current state of microneedle electrode (MNE) technology for sEMG applications.
  • Evaluate MNEs' potential to overcome limitations of traditional sEMG electrodes.
  • Highlight MNEs' suitability for wearable and long-term monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Review of state-of-the-art microneedle electrode research for sEMG.
  • Analysis of theoretical background and fabrication methods for MNEs.
  • Examination of MNE recording performance in existing studies.

Main Results:

  • MNEs penetrate the stratum corneum, enhancing electrode-skin interface quality and consistency.
  • MNEs demonstrate long-term stability for sEMG recording.
  • MNEs reduce contact impedance and improve signal-to-noise ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Microneedle electrodes present a promising solution for high-quality, user-friendly sEMG.
  • MNEs facilitate easier application and long-term wear, suitable for ambulatory monitoring.
  • This technology opens new avenues for sEMG recording and analysis in clinical and wearable settings.