Achievement of time in range goals among patients with diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring

Despite robust evidence supporting continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use, successful utilization remains relatively low.

This study aimed to determine the percentage of patients with a baseline time in range (TIR) < 70% who achieved TIR ≥ 70% when using CGM and identify patient variables associated with either achievement or maintenance of the TIR goal within our institution.

This was a retrospective, observational review of adult patients with diabetes using CGM for at least 6 months consecutively. Key exclusion criteria were gestational diabetes, pregnancy, nonadherence, and controlled baseline TIR. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients achieving TIR ≥ 70% within 6 months of starting CGM. Secondary outcomes included identifying patient variables associated with either achievement or maintenance of TIR goals and describing the relationship between TIR and hemoglobin A1c.

A total of 71 patients were included; 54% were male and the median age was 57 years (interquartile range [IQR] 39-75). Sixty-two percent of patients had type 2 diabetes (T2D). Fifty-four percent of patients achieved TIR ≥ 70% at any time during the study period, with a median time to achievement of 42 days (IQR 28-84). Among patients who achieved the TIR goal, 58% maintained this at 6 months and 67% also reached an A1c of < 7%. T2D, use of metformin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonists were positively associated with achievement of the TIR goal (P = 0.008, P = 0.026, and P = 0.004, respectively).

Among patients with diabetes using CGM consecutively for 6 months, most reached and maintained TIR goals. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.