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Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and unifocal verrucous leukoplakia in China: a comparative retrospective cohort
Shuangshuang Wu1, Linman Li1, Xu Wang1
1Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China.
Objective:
There are limited data regarding the association and differentiation between proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) and unifocal verrucous leukoplakia (UVL).
Methods:
We retrospectively recruited oral leukoplakia (OL) patients from 2010 to 2024, analyzing the demographic, clinical, histopathological features, and malignant transformation of PVL and UVL.
Results:
Among 1756 OL subjects, PVL and UVL accounted for 1.88% and 1.54%, respectively, sharing features like similar age of onset and high dysplasia rates (57.58% vs 55.56%). However, significant differences still existed. Gender ratios were 1:2 in PVL and 2.34:1 in UVL. PVL had lower diagnostic accuracy due to lichenoid lesions in 69.70% of patients and higher biopsy counts (2.19 vs 1.19). Malignant transformation rates were higher in PVL (27.27% vs 11.11%), occurring on the gingiva, while in UVL, it was on the buccal mucosa and tongue.
Conclusions:
PVL and UVL are distinct clinical entities, highlighting the critical need for clinicians to differentiate and closely monitor both.
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