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[MYCETOMA].

Hadas Knoller1, Arkadi Yakirevitch2

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Summary
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Sinonasal mycetoma, a fungal infection in the sinuses, is typically treated with surgery. Complete removal of fungal debris and sinus ventilation are key to recovery, with antibiotics not usually needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Mycology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Sinonasal mycetoma (fungus ball) is a non-invasive, unilateral fungal infection of the paranasal sinuses, commonly affecting the maxillary sinus.
  • Symptoms include facial pain, unilateral nasal discharge, and nasal obstruction, though it can be asymptomatic.
  • Diagnosis is typically confirmed via computed tomography (CT) imaging, revealing sinus opacification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal mycetoma.
  • To emphasize the role of imaging and surgical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis confirmed by computed tomography (CT) showing sinus opacification.
  • Surgical treatment involves Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS).
  • Histopathological and microbiologic testing for definitive diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • CT imaging reveals sinus opacification, calcifications, and hyperostosis.
  • Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is the gold standard treatment.
  • Complete fungal debridement and sinus lavage are performed during surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Sinonasal mycetoma requires surgical management, primarily FESS.
  • Complete fungal debridement and adequate sinus ventilation are crucial for successful outcomes.
  • Antibiotic therapy is generally not indicated for sinonasal mycetoma.