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Mobile crisis teams significantly reduce arrests compared to law enforcement responses for individuals experiencing mental health crises. These alternative models show promise in diverting individuals from the criminal justice system and improving treatment connections.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Mental Health Services Research
  • Criminal Justice Reform

Background:

  • Mobile crisis and co-response models are emerging as alternatives to traditional law enforcement responses for mental health crises.
  • These models aim to improve connections to behavioral health treatment and divert individuals with mental illnesses from the criminal justice system.
  • Limited empirical data exists on the comparative effectiveness of different crisis response models in reducing subsequent arrests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the post-year arrest rates of individuals receiving services from three crisis response models (co-response, mobile crisis, office-based crisis) against law enforcement-only responses.
  • To evaluate the impact of different crisis response strategies on subsequent interactions with the criminal justice system.
  • To provide evidence on the effectiveness of mobile crisis teams in reducing arrest risk.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory study utilizing Medicaid billing and clinician service records (n=474) for crisis service recipients across three models in Michigan.
  • Law enforcement reports (n=690) of mental health crises were collected, alongside pre- and post-year arrest data from Michigan State Police.
  • Inverse probability of treatment weighting and weighted Poisson regression were used to compare post-year arrest rates between crisis response and law enforcement groups, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • All three crisis response models demonstrated fewer post-year arrests compared to law enforcement-only responses.
  • The mobile crisis response model showed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence rate of arrests (Incidence Rate Ratio 0.548; p < 0.05).
  • Bivariate analyses supported the inclusion of response types in the regression model.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first assessment of post-year arrest outcomes for mobile crisis teams, contributing to the literature on co-response teams.
  • Mobile crisis teams may effectively divert individuals away from 911 calls, thereby decreasing law enforcement involvement and the risk of arrest.
  • Findings suggest that mobile crisis interventions can be a viable strategy for reducing criminal justice system involvement among individuals experiencing mental health crises.