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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts
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Cellular immunotherapies for central nervous system cancers.

Brian J Scott1, Michelle Monje2,1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Neuro-Oncology Advances
|September 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cellular immunotherapies, including CAR T and CAR NK cells, show promise for treating central nervous system cancers like glioblastoma. Further research is needed to overcome treatment failures and advance these therapies for brain and spinal cord tumors.

Keywords:
cellular immunotherapychimeric antigen receptor T cellchimeric antigen receptor natural killer celldiffuse intrinsic pontine glioma/diffuse midline gliomaglioblastoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cellular immunotherapies have revolutionized hematologic malignancy treatment.
  • These therapies hold potential for central nervous system (CNS) cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cellular therapeutics for CNS cancers.
  • Focus on glioblastoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma/diffuse midline glioma, medulloblastoma, and CNS lymphoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Examination of CAR T-cell and CAR NK-cell therapies for intracranial tumors.

Main Results:

  • Identification of numerous potential therapeutic targets.
  • Early clinical trials demonstrate safety and feasibility of CAR T/NK cells for intracranial tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular immunotherapies offer a promising avenue for CNS cancer treatment.
  • Addressing treatment failure mechanisms and advancing promising therapies are crucial for improving outcomes in challenging CNS cancers.