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Tracking Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Across One Health Among Bedouin Communities.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) linked to health inequality was studied in Bedouins. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales were found in humans, animals, and the environment, showing relatedness and public health risks.

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Area of Science:

  • One Health research
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Health inequality is an understudied driver of AMR.
  • Indigenous pastoralist communities present unique contexts for AMR research.
  • The Bedouin community was selected to investigate AMR from a One Health perspective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL-P) Enterobacterales.
  • To analyze AMR from a One Health perspective in the Bedouin community.
  • To identify the resistomes, mobilomes, and phylogeny of ESBL-P Enterobacterales.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic testing using VITEK-2.
  • Short-read sequencing of isolates from clinical, environmental, and animal samples.
  • Analysis of resistomes, mobilomes, and phylogenetic relationships.

Main Results:

  • ESBL-P Enterobacterales, mainly E. coli and Klebsiella sp., showed diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), with blaCTX-M being key.
  • High-risk clones (ST131, ST38) were identified in clinical and environmental E. coli.
  • Potential relatedness was observed between environmental and clinical isolates and plasmids, including those harboring blaCTX-M-15.

Conclusions:

  • ESBL-P isolates from the Bedouin living environment harbor ARGs of public health concern.
  • Environment-human and environment-animal transmission clusters of isolates and plasmids were identified.
  • Further research is needed to understand AMR transmission dynamics across One Health in this population.