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Identifying key risk factors for severe pediatric anaphylaxis in children aged 0 to 15: Evidence from a Thai study

Treesupak Kawsomboon1, Pasuree Sangsupawanich1, Vanlaya Koosakulchai1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.

Asia Pacific Allergy
|September 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Severe anaphylaxis in children is linked to older age, cardiovascular symptoms, and rapid symptom onset. These factors are crucial for identifying at-risk pediatric patients and improving anaphylaxis management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis represents a critical global health concern requiring a deep understanding of pediatric risk factors.
  • Effective prevention and management strategies depend on identifying specific risk factors across diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the risk factors associated with severe anaphylaxis in pediatric patients.
  • To analyze data from a Southeast Asian cohort to identify these risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study analyzed data from 335 pediatric patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis between 2015 and 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in Thailand.
  • Patients were categorized into severe and non-severe anaphylaxis groups.
  • Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify significant risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Severe anaphylaxis was observed in 7.2% of cases (24 patients).
  • Predominant factors included male gender and specific food allergens like shellfish and wheat.
  • Significant risk factors for severe anaphylaxis were identified as age over 12 years (aOR: 5.67), cardiovascular manifestations (aOR: 129.94), and early symptom onset (aOR: 0.96).

Conclusions:

  • Older age (>12 years), cardiovascular symptoms, and early symptom onset are key indicators of severe anaphylaxis in children.
  • These findings necessitate increased vigilance and customized treatment approaches for older children and those with cardiovascular involvement.
  • Further research across varied populations is essential to validate these risk factors and enhance global anaphylaxis management protocols.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular symptomsfood allergyglobal healthpediatric allergysevere anaphylaxis

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