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From Kratom to Semi-Synthetic Opioids: The Rise and Risks of MGM-15
Abhishek Gour1, Sushobhan Mukhopadhyay2, Allison Henderson1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Synthetic kratom alkaloid MGM-15, found in research chemical tablets, exhibits higher opioid receptor binding than 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG). This indicates potential for increased opioid effects and risks, necessitating further research for regulation and harm prevention.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Forensic Science
Background:
- Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is used for stimulant and analgesic effects.
- 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG), a potent opioid agonist, is semi-synthesized and popular for pain relief.
- Synthetic derivatives like MGM-15 show increased opioid receptor affinity.
Purpose of the Study:
- Analyze MGM-15 content in commercially available tablets.
- Evaluate MGM-15's binding affinities at opioid receptors.
- Compare MGM-15's affinity to 7-HMG.
Main Methods:
- UPLC-MS/MS analysis of MGM-labeled tablets.
- Purification of MGM-15.
- In vitro opioid receptor binding assays.
Main Results:
- Tablets contained an average of 10.9 mg of MGM-15.
- No naturally occurring kratom alkaloids or illicit substances were detected.
- MGM-15 demonstrated greater binding affinities for human mu (hMOR) and delta (hDOR) opioid receptors than 7-HMG.
Conclusions:
- MGM-15 possesses higher opioid receptor affinity than 7-HMG.
- This suggests a potential for greater opioid effects and associated risks.
- Urgent research is needed to inform regulation and prevent misuse.
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