Advanced regenerative biomaterials for ischaemic stroke: a comprehensive therapeutic strategy

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials science
• Regenerative medicine
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Ischaemic stroke is a leading global health issue with limited treatment options due to narrow therapeutic windows.
• Current treatments for ischaemic stroke face challenges with effective therapy delivery and patient accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advancements in biomaterials for ischaemic stroke repair.
• To explore the role of hydrogels, nanoparticles, and hybrid systems in regenerative stroke therapy.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of cutting-edge biomaterials for stroke repair.
• Analysis of hydrogels, nanoparticles, and hybrid systems.
• Evaluation of biomaterials as delivery vehicles for cells and genes.

Main Results:

• Hydrogels offer injectable, self-healing properties for sustained release and cell infiltration in stroke cavities.
• Nanoparticles can cross the blood-brain barrier for targeted delivery and regulation.
• Hybrid systems combine hydrogel and nanoparticle benefits, providing mechanical support and controlled release.
• Biomaterials enhance stem cell, exosome, and gene delivery for improved retention and function in ischaemic lesions.

Conclusions:

• Biomaterials are crucial for the "materials, drugs, and cells" approach in regenerative stroke medicine.
• These advanced materials show significant promise for enhancing neurovascular unit remodelling.
• The reviewed biomaterials could lead to improved therapeutic outcomes for ischaemic stroke patients.