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Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.2K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
2.2K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

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Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
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ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

6.6K
Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
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Reversible Switching of 0D Halide Perovskite with Small Molecule Absorbate for Information Encryption.

Monika Salesh1, Sumit Kumar Sharma2, Dipanti Borah3

  • 1Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel 0D perovskite material with reversible photoluminescence switching. This discovery enables secure, unclonable information storage and encryption applications.

Keywords:
halide perovskitesinformation encryptionphotoluminescencesmall molecule absorbate

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Organic-inorganic metal halide frameworks offer unique light-emitting properties.
  • Achieving high efficacy, sensitivity, and stability simultaneously in these materials remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel 0D perovskite material, (BAPP)In2-2xSb2xBr10, with advanced optical characteristics.
  • To investigate its reversible solid-state photoluminescence switching triggered by methanol.
  • To explore its application in information encryption.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a new 0D perovskite material: (BAPP)In2-2xSb2xBr10.
  • Investigation of photoluminescence properties and response to methanol.
  • Development of an information encryption strategy using ASCII code.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized perovskite exhibits strong fluorescence and advanced optical properties.
  • A reversible on-off photoluminescence transition was observed upon methanol addition, linked to structural modification.
  • The material was successfully utilized for an 8*8-bit ASCII code-based information encryption strategy.

Conclusions:

  • The novel 0D perovskite material demonstrates switchable photoluminescence, offering potential for advanced optical applications.
  • The reversible photoluminescence modulation mechanism provides a foundation for developing unclonable information storage.
  • This research opens new avenues for secure data encryption in various fields.