Enhanced CO₂ Capture Using TiO₂ Nanoparticle-Functionalized Solvent: A Study on Desorption Experiments

Cutting CO₂ emissions is crucial to face of climate change, and one of the most tried and true means of post-combustion CO₂ capture is by way of chemical absorption. In this work, the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles in a 25 wt% potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) solution on solvent regeneration is investigated. This research follows the previous work in which the effect of nanofluids was evaluated on CO₂ absorption. Desorption was studied at three different temperatures (343.15, 348.15 and 353.15 K), using the absorbent fluid with and without 0.06 wt% TiO₂ nanoparticles. The results indicate that the nanofluid enhanced the CO₂ release rates, also reducing energy consumption. The mass transfer was intensified by the presence of nanoparticles, which in turn increased CO₂ diffusivity and influenced the liquid boundary layer, resulting in an enhanced desorption rate, because of the higher diffusivity. These enhancements were achieved with negligible modifications to the fluid properties, i.e., viscosity. In summary, application of TiO₂-enhanced K₂CO₃ solutions is a practical approach to enhance CO₂ removal performance and reduce operating costs such that CO₂ capture is beginning to be environmentally and economically more competitive for the existing system retrofit.