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Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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The Cerebral Haemorrhage and SARS-CoV-2: An Emerging Virus From a Meta-Analysis Perspective

Yuxia Wang1, Chao Zhang2, Yunzhu Zhang3

  • 1Geriatric Medicine Center, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|September 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 can affect the central nervous system, leading to cerebral haemorrhage (ICH). This study found a cerebral haemorrhage risk of 5 per 10,000 COVID-19 patients, with higher risks in recent years and ICU admissions.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The central nervous system is a potential target for SARS-CoV-2.
  • Cerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a severe neurological complication of COVID-19 and a leading cause of mortality.
  • Understanding the incidence and risk factors for ICH in COVID-19 patients is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and analyze the literature on cerebral haemorrhage in COVID-19 patients.
  • To provide insights into the neurological consequences of COVID-19 infection.
  • To quantify the risk of cerebral haemorrhage associated with COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive meta-analysis of 11 studies involving 197,060 individuals.
  • Literature search conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to February 2025.
  • Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to assess risk factors including publication year and hospital ward type.

Main Results:

  • The overall risk of cerebral haemorrhage was found to be 0.005 (5 cases per 10,000) among COVID-19 patients.
  • Studies published in 2022 and 2023 showed a significantly higher risk of ICH compared to earlier publications.
  • Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) had an increased risk of cerebral haemorrhage compared to those in general wards.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 patients, particularly those in ICUs in recent years, require vigilant evaluation for cerebral haemorrhage.
  • The risk of cerebral haemorrhage in COVID-19 patients has shown an increasing trend over time.
  • Identifying high-risk patient groups is essential for timely intervention and improved outcomes.

Keywords:
SARS‐CoV‐2cerebral haemorrhageemerging virusmeta‐analysis

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