Rare Non-Tumoral Lesions of the Liver: A Pictorial Review

Rare non-tumoral hepatic lesions encompass a heterogeneous group of vascular, post-traumatic, infectious, inflammatory, and reactive conditions. Diagnosis of these lesions is challenging due to variable imaging appearances and nonspecific clinical presentations, and many lesions are detected incidentally. Correlation with clinical and laboratory findings enhances diagnostic accuracy and supports individualized patient care. Recognition of characteristic imaging patterns is essential to raise diagnostic suspicion and guide appropriate management. This review illustrates the multiphasic CT and MRI features of uncommon hepatic entities (including toxocariasis, hydatid disease, hepatic tuberculosis, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, regenerative nodular hyperplasia, solitary necrotic nodule, intrahepatic splenosis, and peliosis), emphasizing the imaging hallmarks that facilitate their differentiation.