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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock
Published on: June 12, 2021
Cardiogenic Shock Management: Single-Center Experience With a Percutaneous Left Ventricular Assist Device Escalation
Soomal Rafique1, Raj Patel2, Asad Cheema2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA.
Insights
This study details a protocol for managing cardiogenic shock (CS) using escalating mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, specifically transitioning from Impella CP to Impella 5.5 based on real-time hemodynamic data to improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Cardiogenic shock (CS) has historically high mortality rates.
- Advancements in percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and the shock-team approach have improved CS outcomes.
- Early mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and hemodynamic monitoring are crucial for managing CS.
Abstract:
Mortality rates for cardiogenic shock (CS) remain high, but the development of percutaneous left ventricular assist devices and the adoption of a shock-team approach, which emphasizes early use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices and hemodynamic monitoring, has been shown to improve outcomes. The introduction of the Impella CP and Impella 5.5 has expanded options for left ventricular temporary MCS. This case series highlights our experience managing patients with CS using a shock protocol escalation strategy from Impella CP to Impella 5.5. Notably, all cases reflect the decision-making process of transitioning to a different MCS modality quickly based on real-time hemodynamic data. We believe our shock protocol can be easily adapted by most US hospitals with cardiac catheterization laboratories and can be replicated in most settings with minimal adjustments.
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