Molecular Insights into Intramuscular Unsaturated Fatty Acid Deposition in Lambs Through Multi-Omics Profiling

Unsaturated fatty acids are key contributors to the nutritional and sensory quality of lamb meat. To investigate the molecular basis of intramuscular unsaturated fatty acid variation, we selected lambs with divergent fatty acid profiles and performed integrated transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses of the longissimus dorsi muscle. The high unsaturated fatty acid group exhibited distinct gene expression patterns in pathways related to lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and immune responses. Metabolomic profiling revealed significant enrichment of metabolites involved in both the biosynthesis and degradation of fatty acids. Among the differentially expressed genes, MYH7 was markedly upregulated in lambs with higher unsaturated fatty acid content, suggesting a potential regulatory role in energy metabolism or lipid homeostasis. These findings provide new molecular insights into the mechanisms underlying unsaturated fatty acid deposition in lamb and identify MYH7 and other candidates as potential targets for improving meat quality through breeding or nutritional strategies.