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An Overview of Instruments to Assess Vulnerability in Healthcare: A Scoping Review.

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This review identified 13 instruments for assessing healthcare vulnerability in individuals and families. Further development is needed to create tailored assessment tools addressing diverse determinants and populations.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Research
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vulnerability is a complex concept impacting health outcomes for individuals and families.
  • Validated instruments are crucial for healthcare professionals to provide personalized care.
  • Assessing vulnerability aids in identifying at-risk populations and tailoring interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review mapping scientific evidence on vulnerability assessment instruments.
  • To identify instruments used for assessing individual and/or family vulnerability in healthcare settings.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review methodology following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.
  • Comprehensive literature search across major databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO) and gray literature.
  • Inclusion of 38 studies that utilized vulnerability assessment instruments.

Main Results:

  • Identification of 13 distinct instruments for assessing individual and/or family vulnerability.
  • Observed wide variation in instrument dimensions, item count, target populations, and administration methods.
  • Instruments often focused on specific factors like socioeconomic status, health behaviors, or service access.

Conclusions:

  • The multifaceted nature of vulnerability necessitates tailored assessment instruments.
  • Future instrument development should consider environmental, biological, and social determinants.
  • Adaptation to specific populations and healthcare contexts is essential for effective vulnerability assessment.