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Comparative Analysis of Microstructure and Properties of Wear-Resistant Structural Steels.
Helena Lukšić1, Tomislav Rodinger1, Vera Rede1
1Department of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 13, 2025
Summary
This study compared Hardox 450 and XAR 450 abrasion-resistant steels. Hardox 450 showed slightly better wear resistance, making it a preferred choice for demanding applications in construction and mining.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Mechanical Engineering
Background:
- Martensitic abrasion-resistant steels like Hardox 450 and XAR 450 are crucial for components in high-wear environments.
- These steels are vital in industries such as construction, mining, and agriculture due to their enhanced wear resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate and compare the wear performance of two commercial martensitic abrasion-resistant steels: Hardox 450 and XAR 450.
- To analyze the microstructure, hardness, and abrasion resistance of these steels under different testing conditions.
Main Methods:
- Microstructure analysis using optical microscopy.
- Chemical composition analysis.
- Vickers hardness testing at various loads (HV0.2, HV1, HV2).
- Wear testing via the 'dry sand-rubber wheel' standard method and Taber abrader device.
Main Results:
- Both steels exhibit a similar fine-grained martensitic microstructure and comparable hardness trends across different sections.
- Hardox 450 demonstrated approximately 8% lower volume loss in 'dry sand-rubber wheel' tests compared to XAR 450, though with greater result scattering.
- Taber abrader tests confirmed similar wear behavior for both steels.
Conclusions:
- Despite belonging to the same hardness class (450 HBW), Hardox 450 appears to be a more suitable material for machine components subjected to abrasive wear.
- A predictive model correlating wear intensity with grain size was developed for both steels.
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