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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Terpolymer Scale Inhibitors.

Fei Gao1,2,3,4, Peng Xu1,2,3,4, Yongqing Zhang5

  • 1School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China.

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|September 13, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel degradable terpolymer scale inhibitor, MA-AA-AMPS, effectively prevents scale in oilfield water injection. This environmentally friendly solution offers high efficiency across various conditions and temperatures.

Keywords:
biodegradablecalcium carbonate scalecalcium sulfate scalescale inhibitorterpolymer

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Scaling in oilfield water injection systems poses significant operational and economic challenges.
  • Existing scale inhibitors may lack efficiency, thermal stability, or environmental compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel degradable terpolymer scale inhibitor for oilfield applications.
  • To evaluate the performance and environmental impact of the synthesized scale inhibitor.

Main Methods:

  • Aqueous solution polymerization of maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.
  • Characterization using techniques to confirm functional groups and thermal stability.
  • Scale inhibition tests under varying pH, temperature, and calcium concentrations.
  • Biodegradation assessment using BOD5/COD ratios and degradation rates.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized MA-AA-AMPS terpolymer contains carboxyl, sulfonic, and amide groups with good thermal stability.
  • Achieved over 80% scale inhibition efficiency at 2% dosage, stable across pH 3-8.
  • Demonstrated over 50% inhibition at 150 °C and excellent tolerance to high-calcium environments.
  • Biodegradation tests showed a rate exceeding 50% in 15 days (83.4% in 30 days), indicating environmental friendliness (BOD5/COD > 0.3).

Conclusions:

  • The MA-AA-AMPS terpolymer is a highly effective and environmentally friendly scale inhibitor for oilfield water injection.
  • Its robust performance under challenging conditions (pH, temperature, high calcium) makes it suitable for demanding oilfield environments.
  • The degradable nature of the terpolymer addresses environmental concerns associated with traditional scale inhibitors.