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Related Concept Videos

Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

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Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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The rebound hammer test, also known as the Schmidt hammer test, is a non-destructive technique for evaluating the hardness of concrete and, indirectly, the strength of concrete. It operates on the principle that the rebound of a spring-driven mass from a concrete surface correlates to the surface's hardness. The device comprises a mass within a tubular housing, a spring mechanism, and a plunger that strikes the concrete. Upon release, the energy imparted to the mass by the spring causes it...
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Structural Health Monitoring of Defective Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Based on Multi-Sensor

Wuyi Li1, Heng Huang2, Boli Wan2

  • 1College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel multi-sensor method using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors and strain gauges to monitor material loss defects in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, enhancing structural reliability.

Keywords:
carbon fiber reinforced polymerdamage monitoringelectrical resistance strain gaugefiber Bragg gratingfinite element simulation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Structural Health Monitoring

Background:

  • Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are susceptible to material loss defects during service, compromising mechanical properties and structural integrity.
  • Effective monitoring of these defects is crucial for ensuring the reliability of CFRP structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a multi-sensor synchronous monitoring method for detecting and tracking material loss defects in CFRP laminates.
  • To investigate the damage evolution mechanism and optimize sensor placement using finite element simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Finite element simulations utilizing the 3D Hashin damage criterion to model defect initiation and propagation.
  • Experimental testing of CFRP tensile specimens with prefabricated defects under ASTM D3039 standards.
  • Synchronous data acquisition from embedded Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors and surface-mounted electrical resistance strain gauges.

Main Results:

  • Simulations revealed complete damage evolution mechanisms and informed optimal sensor placement.
  • Experimental data confirmed that embedded FBG sensors and surface strain gauges effectively monitor localized material loss defects.
  • Defective specimens exhibited significant strain redistribution near the defect, unlike intact specimens with uniform strain distribution.

Conclusions:

  • The combined multi-sensor approach accurately and reliably tracks damage evolution in defective CFRP laminates.
  • This method provides a robust solution for monitoring the structural health of CFRP composites.
  • The findings contribute to improved safety and longevity of CFRP structures in critical applications.