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Heart Failure and Stroke: A Narrative Review
Takehiro Katano1, Hitoshi Mori2, Satoshi Suda1
1Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 13, 2025
Summary
Heart failure (HF) and stroke are linked, increasing global health burdens. Understanding their complex relationship is vital for better patient outcomes and future research in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology and Neurology
- Geriatric Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- The global aging population is experiencing a rise in heart failure (HF) cases, termed the HF pandemic.
- HF is significantly linked to both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, exacerbating the global burden of cerebrovascular disease.
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexists with HF, increasing the risk of ischemic stroke.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the pathophysiological and clinical interrelationship between heart failure and stroke.
- To provide updated insights for future research and clinical management of these interconnected conditions.
- To highlight the importance of understanding the HF-stroke connection in the context of a growing elderly population.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing current research on HF and stroke.
- Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms linking cardiac and cerebrovascular events.
- Examination of clinical data and epidemiological trends.
Main Results:
- Heart failure and stroke share common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways.
- The prevalence of both conditions is increasing globally, particularly in aging populations.
- Effective management of HF, including "Fantastic Four" therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), may impact stroke risk.
Conclusions:
- A deeper understanding of the interplay between HF and stroke is essential for improving patient care.
- Further research is needed to elucidate specific mechanisms and develop targeted interventions.
- Integrated clinical management strategies are crucial for addressing the dual burden of HF and stroke.
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