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Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...

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Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...

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Redox Status in Patients Suffering from Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS): A Pilot Study.

Paula Aranda-Martínez^1,2, Nerea Menéndez-Coto^3,4,5, Ana Coto-Montes^3,4,5

¹Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Bio-Tecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|September 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) involves oxidative stress, particularly in red blood cells. This study found altered glutathione levels and increased oxidative stress markers in MCS patients, suggesting new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues.

Keywords:

antioxidant enzymes glutathione inflammation multiple chemical sensitivity oxidative stress

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Biochemistry
Toxicology

Background:

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is an environmental illness with diverse symptoms, posing diagnostic challenges.
Limited understanding and recognition hinder effective management of MCS.
Investigating oxidative stress offers a potential pathway to understand MCS pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare oxidative stress markers in patients with MCS versus healthy controls.
To analyze plasma and erythrocyte markers, including lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, and glutathione cycle components.
To elucidate the role of intracellular oxidative imbalances in MCS.

Main Methods:

Blood samples were collected from 40 MCS patients and 40 healthy controls.
Analysis included lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant activity (TAA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and glutathione cycle components.
Antioxidant enzyme activities such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were measured.

Main Results:

No significant differences in plasma LPO or TAA were observed between groups.
MCS patients showed a 61% reduction in ATP levels and altered erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) levels.
Erythrocytes of MCS patients exhibited decreased GPx activity and a 46% increase in the GSSG/GSH ratio, indicating heightened oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

Oxidative stress, specifically within the erythrocyte glutathione cycle, plays a significant role in MCS.
The findings suggest potential molecular mechanisms contributing to MCS symptoms.
Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and develop targeted therapies for MCS.