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Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: Patients' Stratification, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Options-Time to Pay

Sharon Shalom Natanzon1,2, Mahmoud Mansour1, Alexander Fardman1,3

  • 1Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and Department of Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Effective risk stratification is crucial for intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) patients. This review details their characteristics, diagnostics, treatments, and emerging catheter-directed interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) presents a spectrum of severity, necessitating accurate risk stratification.
  • Intermediate-risk PE patients form a distinct group with variable prognoses, posing therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism.
  • To focus on diagnostic criteria, prognostic indicators, and current treatment strategies.
  • To explore novel catheter-directed interventions and guideline updates.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on intermediate-risk PE.
  • Analysis of clinical, laboratory, and imaging features.
  • Evaluation of treatment modalities and emerging interventions.

Main Results:

  • Intermediate-risk PE patients require careful assessment due to potential adverse events.
  • Diagnostic and prognostic factors are key to guiding management.
  • Catheter-directed interventions show evolving promise.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management of intermediate-risk PE remains challenging.
  • Current guidelines and novel interventions are shaping therapeutic approaches.
  • Further research is needed to refine risk stratification and treatment selection.

Keywords:
imagingintermediate riskpulmonary embolismstratificationtherapy

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