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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

Published on: June 2, 2017

Atomic-Scale Insights into Nanoparticle Exsolution at Dislocations in Dislocation-Engineered Catalysts.

Moritz Lukas Weber^1,2,3, Moritz Kindelmann^4,5, Dylan Jennings^4,5,6

¹Peter Grünberg Institute, Electronic Materials (PGI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|September 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Controlling nanoparticle properties is key for durable catalysts. This study shows how engineering dislocations in exsolution catalysts can precisely control nanoparticle formation and distribution, enhancing catalyst stability.

Keywords:

dislocation engineering dislocations epitaxial thin films metal exsolution nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Catalysis

Background:

Nanoparticle coarsening degrades catalyst performance, despite the robustness of metal exsolution catalysts.
Increased concentrations of exsolved nanoparticles near defects like dislocations are observed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of dislocations in metal exsolution reactions.
To explore dislocation-engineering for controlled synthesis of dislocation-associated nanoparticles.
To understand mechanisms influencing nanoparticle nucleation at dislocations.

Main Methods:

Engineering epitaxial thin films with confined high dislocation densities.
Utilizing in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for atomic-level observation.
Correlating bulk dislocation structures with surface nanoparticle locations.

Main Results:

Demonstrated atomic-level correlation between dislocations and nanoparticle sites.
Identified accumulation of exsolution-active acceptors along dislocations as a key factor.
Found lattice distortions at dislocations likely lower nucleation energy barriers.

Conclusions:

Established proof of concept for using engineered dislocations in exsolution catalysts.
Showcased potential for synthesizing nanoparticles with tailored properties.
Highlighted relevance for improving thermal stability and lateral distribution of exsolved nanoparticles.