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Prevalence of Serious Infection Among Hypothermic Young Infants Across Medical Settings

Tran H P Nguyen1, Beverly R Young1, Lea M Bornstein2

  • 1Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Roseville, California.

Hospital Pediatrics
|September 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Urinary tract infection (UTI) and invasive bacterial infection (IBI) are uncommon in hypothermic infants. Infants with ill appearance, repeated low temperatures, or hypothermia concern have higher infection risks.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neonatal Care

Background:

  • Hypothermia in young infants (0-60 days) is a clinical concern.
  • Urinary tract infection (UTI) and invasive bacterial infection (IBI) are serious conditions in infants.
  • Determining infection prevalence in hypothermic infants is crucial for appropriate management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of UTI and IBI in hypothermic young infants.
  • To identify clinical risk factors associated with UTI or IBI in this population.
  • To inform diagnostic and management strategies for febrile infants.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of infants aged 0-60 days with temperature ≤36°C.
  • Data collected from a large integrated health care delivery organization (2010-2022).
  • Prevalence of UTI, IBI, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) calculated; risk factors identified using multivariable logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Low prevalence of UTI (0.40%) and IBI (0.29%) in 3783 hypothermic infants.
  • Higher infection rates in emergency departments (1.48%) compared to outpatient clinics (0.38%).
  • Clinical risk factors for UTI/IBI include ill appearance, repeated low temperature, and hypothermia concern.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of UTI and IBI in hypothermic infants is low across all medical settings.
  • Specific clinical signs (ill appearance, repeated low temperature, hypothermia concern) significantly increase infection risk.
  • Hypothermic infants without these risk factors may not need extensive infectious workups.
Abstract

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