Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies I: ABG and VBG01:26

Blood Studies I: ABG and VBG

1.2K
Blood studies are critical in the medical field, enabling healthcare professionals to assess a patient's health status accurately. This page will focus on two significant blood studies: Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) and Venous Blood Gas (VBG).
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) studies are crucial for assessing the lungs' ability to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, reflecting the patient's ventilation status. They also help understand the kidneys' capacity to...
1.2K
Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring01:25

Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring

1.3K
Blood pressure monitoring is a crucial clinical procedure in diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions. Despite its significance, the accuracy of blood pressure measurements can be compromised by multiple factors, potentially leading to either falsely high or low readings. These inaccuracies are critical as they can significantly impact patient care. So, it is vital to understand these challenges deeply and adopt strategic approaches to minimize errors.
Several factors...
1.3K
Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

1.0K
Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
1.0K
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

1.7K
There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
1.7K
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

1.8K
The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis occurs due to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCO2 in the blood. It often arises from shallow breathing or impaired gas exchange caused by...
1.8K
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

795
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
795

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Severity, etiology and outcomes of ionized hypocalcemia in azotemic cats and dogs.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026
Same author

Prevalence, Associated Disease Mechanisms, and Outcome of Dogs and Cats With Low Blood Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)·2026
Same author

Retrospective Acid-Base Analysis in Dogs With Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (2003-2018): 100 Cases.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)·2026
Same author

Retrospective Evaluation of the Prognosis and Prevalence of Hyperchloremia in Dogs and Cats.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)·2025
Same author

Retrospective Evaluation of the Prevalence and Prognosis of Hypochloremia in Dogs and Cats.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)·2025
Same author

Stuporous State in a Dog Following Ingestion of Chewing Gum Containing Xylitol Without Documented Hypoglycemia.

Clinical case reports·2025
Same journal

Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Veterinary Medicine.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2026
Same journal

Practical Steps Toward Antimicrobial Stewardship for the General Practitioner.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2026
Same journal

Using Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine and Artificial Intelligence to Support Clinical Decision Making in Veterinary Practice.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2026
Same journal

Feline Asthma-Update on Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2026
Same journal

Disease Prediction and Precision Veterinary Medicine: Applications, Opportunities, and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence in Small Animal Practice.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2026
Same journal

The Moving Target of Companion Animal Infectious Diseases: Emerging Threats and Evolving Solutions.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor
07:51

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor

Published on: September 29, 2020

9.5K

Common Errors in Blood Gas Interpretation.

Kate Hopper1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Room 2112 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|September 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood gas analysis errors can occur from sample collection, storage, and measurement issues. Proper anticoagulation is crucial, especially for ionized calcium and magnesium, to avoid inaccurate blood gas results.

Keywords:
ArtifactElectrolytesHeparinSample storage

More Related Videos

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
07:52

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

16.8K
Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
08:25

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship

Published on: January 8, 2019

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor
07:51

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor

Published on: September 29, 2020

9.5K
Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
07:52

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

16.8K
Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
08:25

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship

Published on: January 8, 2019

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Laboratory Medicine
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Blood gas analysis is critical for patient assessment but susceptible to errors.
  • Physiologic changes, sample handling, and analytical technology can impact results.
  • Accurate blood gas interpretation relies on minimizing pre-analytical and analytical variables.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight common sources of error in blood gas analysis.
  • To emphasize the impact of pre-analytical factors on blood gas results.
  • To underscore the importance of proper sample handling and anticoagulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common causes of erroneous blood gas results.
  • Discussion of factors affecting sample integrity post-collection.
  • Analysis of the effect of anticoagulants on specific analytes.

Main Results:

  • Errors stem from sample collection, anticoagulation, storage, and analysis delays.
  • Excessive heparin anticoagulation significantly affects ionized calcium and magnesium measurements.
  • Volatile nature of gases and measurement technology contribute to inaccuracies.

Conclusions:

  • Minimizing pre-analytical errors is essential for reliable blood gas analysis.
  • Careful attention to anticoagulation, particularly with heparin, is vital for accurate ionized electrolyte results.
  • Standardized protocols for sample handling and analysis improve diagnostic accuracy.