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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Relieving Chronic Neuropathic Pain With EEG-Neurofeedback.

Thibaut Mussigmann1, Benjamin Bardel1,2, Alain Créange1,3

  • 1Faculty of Health, UR 4391, ENT Team, Paris Est Creteil University, Créteil, France.

European Journal of Neurology
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electroencephalography (EEG)-guided neurofeedback (NFB) effectively treats chronic neuropathic pain. Different EEG targets yield distinct clinical and neurophysiological effects, offering personalized treatment options.

Keywords:
alphabetachronic painthetatreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Management
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG)-guided neurofeedback (NFB) is an under-evaluated neuromodulation technique for chronic neuropathic pain.
  • Neuropathic pain significantly impacts daily life, necessitating novel treatment approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the analgesic efficacy of EEG-NFB using two distinct EEG targets in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain.
  • To evaluate the impact of EEG-NFB on pain interference, intensity, and associated psychological factors.

Main Methods:

  • Two groups of 16 patients received 12 EEG-NFB sessions over 4 weeks, targeting either the β1/β2 or α/θ ratio.
  • Assessments included pain interference, intensity, neuropathic symptoms, catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep quality.
  • EEG data were recorded pre- and post-treatment, and during NFB sessions.

Main Results:

  • Significant analgesic effects were observed in both EEG-NFB groups.
  • β1/β2 training reduced pain intensity, while α/θ training decreased anxiety and depression.
  • Responders showed specific EEG changes, with partial maintenance of benefits observed in a transfer task.

Conclusions:

  • EEG-NFB demonstrates analgesic potential for chronic neuropathic pain with varied clinical and neurophysiological outcomes based on EEG targets.
  • Well-defined EEG targets can guide the development of personalized EEG-NFB protocols for neuropathic pain management.