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Perceived Masticatory Function and Mortality: A Causal Study.

J R H Tay1,2, U Cooray3, A Chan1,4

  • 1Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.

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|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining good chewing ability is linked to a longer life for older adults. This study found that better perceived masticatory function significantly reduces the risk of all-cause mortality in an Asian population.

Keywords:
agingepidemiologymasticationnonparametric statisticsoral healthpublic health

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Masticatory function is crucial for overall health and may impact longevity.
  • Declining chewing ability is a growing concern among aging populations worldwide.
  • Public health interventions targeting masticatory function could potentially improve health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between perceived masticatory function and all-cause mortality in older adults.
  • To quantify the causal impact of perceived masticatory function on all-cause mortality using advanced statistical methods.
  • To explore the potential benefits of preserving masticatory function for extending lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a nationally representative longitudinal study of older adults in Singapore.
  • Perceived masticatory function was assessed as a time-varying exposure across six difficulty levels.
  • Employed multivariable Cox regression and a doubly robust causal inference approach (longitudinal modified treatment policies) for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Each one-level decrease in perceived masticatory function was associated with a 9% increase in the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality (HR=1.09).
  • Individuals with any level of chewing difficulty (vs. no difficulty) had a 25% higher hazard ratio for all-cause mortality (HR=1.25).
  • A hypothetical scenario preserving maximum masticatory function for all participants showed a 3% increase in survival probability over 6 years.

Conclusions:

  • Increased perceived masticatory function is significantly associated with and causally linked to reduced all-cause mortality in older Asian adults.
  • Interventions aimed at preserving or improving chewing ability may contribute to longer life spans and improved healthy life expectancy in the elderly.
  • Masticatory function represents a modifiable factor with potential public health implications for aging populations.