Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
Published on: November 21, 2017
[Production Research and Risk Factor Analysis of Transfusion and Infusion Warmer Based on Real-World Data]
Hongfeng Bi1, Yonggang Wang2, Zhendong Wang3
1Medical Equipment Department, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257000.
Objective:
To investigate the transfusion and infusion warmer manufacturers, combine the use failures to analyze adverse events, and provide support for enterprise risk management and clinical safe use.
Methods:
The sentinels from 7 manufacturing enterprises and 11 medical institutions that participated in Shandong Province's key monitoring program during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period were targeted. This was done by understanding the equipment's principles, structures, and quality control. Additionally, real-world data from January 2019 to December 2023 were collected to count adverse events.
Results:
During production, there are risks in switching power supply stability and solder joint firmness. Fifteen kinds of faults occurred during use, and common faults such as inability to heat, unable to turn on the machine, and bubbles in the infusion tube accounted for more than 80%.
Conclusion:
There are many risk points and failures for transfusion and infusion warmers, so enterprises should improve processes and quality control to address risks, and medical institutions should formulate specifications and maintenance plans to provide targeted theoretical basis for supervision.
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Body Temperature
Factors may include:
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Infusion
The model illustrates the decrease in plasma drug concentration from the central compartment with a specific equation. It shows that under steady-state conditions, the drug's input rate...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
Decreased Body Temperature

