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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Flux01:18

Magnetic Flux

4.5K
The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given surface area. The SI unit for magnetic flux is the weber (Wb). Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity. It depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field B, the area through which the field lines pass, and the relative orientation of the field with the surface area.
Suppose a surface is divided into elements of area dA. For each element, the component of the magnetic field that is normal to the...
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Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Adjusting a Traverse01:12

Adjusting a Traverse

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In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
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Galvanometer01:25

Galvanometer

2.8K
Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of  two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform...
2.8K
Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

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Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

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The TRACERS Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG).

Robert J Strangeway1, Hao Cao1, Eric Orrill2

  • 1Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.

Space Science Reviews
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites (TRACERS) mission uses magnetometers to study magnetic reconnection. This research investigates energy transfer driving plasma escape from Earth's ionosphere to the magnetosphere.

Keywords:
FluxgateHeliophysicsMagnetic fieldsMagnetosphere-ionosphere

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Magnetospheric Physics
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • The NASA Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites (TRACERS) mission aims to investigate magnetic reconnection.
  • Magnetic reconnection is a key process in space plasmas, particularly at the Earth's dayside cusp.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of magnetic reconnection at low altitudes.
  • To measure magnetic field perturbations, including large-scale field-aligned currents and Alfvén waves.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing three-axis vector fluxgate magnetometers (MAG) on each TRACERS spacecraft.
  • Employing ground calibration and on-orbit re-calibration of magnetometers using International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) data.
  • Analyzing spin-tones for high-resolution determination of magnetometer orientation and offsets.

Main Results:

  • The MAG instruments possess a dynamic range exceeding ±60,000 nT with a resolution of approximately 9 pT.
  • On-orbit calibration will refine measurements of absolute gains, orientation, and spin-axis offsets.
  • The study will provide data on magnetic field perturbations crucial for understanding energy transfer.

Conclusions:

  • The TRACERS mission's magnetometer data will elucidate the role of magnetic reconnection in driving ionospheric plasma escape.
  • Understanding electromagnetic to particle energy conversion is vital for magnetospheric dynamics and space weather.
  • The MAG instrument's capabilities are well-suited to meet the mission's primary and secondary science objectives.