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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

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Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Perivalvular Complication in Infective Endocarditis: An Integrated Imaging Approach in the Diagnostic Workup.

Chiara Sordelli1, Carlo Liguori2, Nunzia Fele1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.

Journal of Cardiovascular Echography
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Infective endocarditis diagnosis relies on imaging. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and cardiac CT are crucial for assessing cardiac complications in infective endocarditis (IE).

Keywords:
Cardiac computed tomographyinfective endocarditisthree-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographytransesophageal echocardiographytransthoracic echocardiography

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious condition with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Current guidelines emphasize imaging for IE diagnosis, with echocardiography as the primary tool.
  • Limitations in initial echocardiography may necessitate advanced imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of cardiac imaging in evaluating infective endocarditis.
  • To specifically assess the utility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and cardiac computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing IE perivalvular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and guidelines regarding cardiac imaging in IE.
  • Focus on the diagnostic capabilities of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), TEE, and cardiac CT.
  • Evaluation of imaging for assessing IE lesions and associated cardiac complications.

Main Results:

  • Echocardiography is the first-line diagnostic imaging modality for IE.
  • Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is essential for inconclusive or suspected IE cases and for detailing complications.
  • Cardiac CT and nuclear imaging aid in confirming diagnosis, characterizing lesions, and identifying cardiac complications.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac imaging, particularly TEE and cardiac CT, plays a vital role in the comprehensive evaluation of infective endocarditis.
  • These advanced imaging modalities are crucial for diagnosing and managing IE-related perivalvular complications.
  • Multimodality imaging approaches enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient management in IE.