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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Cerebral Blood Flow-Based Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Human Brain using Optical Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy
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Depth-Sensitive Cerebral Blood Flow and Low-Frequency Oscillations for Consciousness Assessment Using Time-Gated

Sahar Sabaghian, Chien-Sing Poon, Carsi Kim

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |September 15, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Time-gated diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TG-DCS) shows promise for bedside monitoring of brain states. This noninvasive technique differentiates healthy, covertly conscious, and comatose states by analyzing cerebral blood flow and oscillations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Physics

    Background:

    • Assessing brain states in critically ill patients, such as those with traumatic brain injury (TBI), is challenging.
    • Current methods for monitoring cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain activity are often invasive or lack depth sensitivity.
    • Distinguishing between different levels of consciousness requires sensitive and accessible monitoring tools.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the feasibility of depth-sensitive bedside monitoring of CBF and low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) using time-gated diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TG-DCS).
    • To differentiate between healthy controls, comatose TBI patients, and covertly conscious individuals in the subacute phase.
    • To assess the potential of TG-DCS in detecting residual cortical reactivity.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a 1064 nm TG-DCS system with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors to collect resting-state data.
    • Collected 10-minute data from 25 healthy subjects, one comatose patient, and one covertly conscious subject.
    • Analyzed photon arrival times to separate superficial and deep brain signals, extracting blood flow index (BFI) and quantifying LFOs in specific frequency bands.

    Main Results:

    • Low-frequency oscillation power increased progressively from healthy to covert to comatose states, particularly in late-gated (deep) signals.
    • Late-gated BFI was elevated in injured brain states compared to healthy controls.
    • Functional responses to an auditory stimulus showed a canonical hemodynamic profile in healthy subjects but delayed reactivity in the covertly conscious individual.

    Conclusions:

    • TG-DCS is a feasible noninvasive bedside tool for monitoring brain states and distinguishing between different levels of consciousness.
    • The technique can detect residual cortical reactivity, offering valuable insights into brain function in injured patients.
    • Further validation in larger patient cohorts is warranted to establish its clinical utility.