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Nurses' Work Interruptions and Responses: Multitasking During Medication Tasks and Differences by Nursing Delivery

Kyung Jin Hong1, Eunhee Lee2

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Summary

Work interruptions and multitasking are frequent for nurses, especially during medication tasks. Strategies are needed to reduce these disruptions and improve patient safety in different nursing care systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Science
  • Healthcare Management
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Work interruptions significantly increase nurses' workload complexity and the risk of errors by compromising attention.
  • Understanding the frequency, sources, and impact of interruptions is crucial for improving nursing practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the frequency and sources of work interruptions experienced by nurses.
  • To analyze nurses' responses to interruptions, particularly multitasking during medication administration.
  • To compare interruption patterns between functional and integrated nursing care delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional observational study using the Work Observation Method by Activity Timing (WOMBAT) program.
  • Data collected from nurses in functional and integrated nursing care units at a South Korean general hospital.
  • Analysis of interruptions and multitasking during medication-related work.

Main Results:

  • Nurses experienced 11.21 interruptions/hour in functional units and 9.27 in integrated units.
  • The nurse station and patient rooms were the most interrupted locations; other nurses and patients were primary sources.
  • Multitasking during medication administration occurred 2.79% (functional) and 3.02% (integrated) of the time, often involving communication.

Conclusions:

  • Frequent work interruptions and multitasking negatively impact medication-related tasks, posing risks to patient safety.
  • Developing targeted strategies to mitigate interruptions is essential for healthcare environments.
  • Interventions should consider the specific characteristics of different nursing care delivery systems.