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Published on: March 30, 2018
Epstein-Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, and Future
Farah Wahbeh1,2, Joseph J Sabatino3
1Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar.
Abstract:
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a very common herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the general population. Epidemiologic data indicate that EBV is a requisite risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the mechanisms by which EBV contributes to MS pathogenesis are unclear. In this review, we discuss how EBV alters the functions of B cells, its primary cellular reservoir, and the associated dysregulation of anti-EBV immunity in patients with MS. We comprehensively explore the evidence for different potential mechanisms by which EBV may lead to the development of MS, including the so-called driver and hit-and-run models. Finally, we discuss key outstanding scientific questions that must be addressed to advance not only our understanding of the role of EBV in MS pathology but also the development of novel disease therapies.
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