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Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments
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Quantifying movement fluency in amputees in key functional tasks.

Amy Edwards1,2, Terry Fawden3, Iwan Vaughan Roberts3

  • 1Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Physiological Measurement
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Objective movement analysis using instrumented methods can quantify sit-to-stand (STS) and sit-to-walk (STW) fluency in lower limb amputees. This approach offers a more objective assessment than traditional methods, aiding rehabilitation and functional recovery.

Keywords:
amputeeshesitationmovement analysissit-to-standsit-to-walksmoothness

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics and Movement Science
  • Rehabilitation Engineering
  • Prosthetics and Orthotics

Background:

  • Sit-to-stand (STS) and sit-to-walk (STW) are crucial functional movements for independence after lower limb amputation.
  • Current clinical assessment of movement fluency (hesitation, smoothness) by physiotherapists is subjective and experience-dependent.
  • Objective, scalable quantitative measurements are needed to accurately assess movement fluency in amputees.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish objective, accessible, and scalable quantitative measurements of movement fluency in transfemoral amputees.
  • To differentiate movement fluency between community ambulators, limited community ambulators, and typical individuals using instrumented analysis.
  • To assess hesitation and smoothness during STS and STW tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Instrumented movement analysis was employed to quantify movement fluency.
  • Twelve transfemoral amputees (six community, six limited community ambulators) and six typical individuals performed STS, STW, and walking tasks.
  • Published algorithms were used to assess hesitation and smoothness in STS and STW movements.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant differences in STW hesitation and smoothness were observed among the three groups.
  • Community ambulators demonstrated significantly less hesitation and greater smoothness in STW compared to limited community ambulators.
  • Community ambulators exhibited significantly more hesitation and less smoothness in STW compared to typical individuals, and walked slower.

Conclusions:

  • Quantifying movement fluency in functional tasks like STS and STW provides valuable insights beyond walking speed for amputee assessment.
  • Objective movement analysis can differentiate functional capabilities among amputee groups and track rehabilitation progress.
  • Findings support the use of instrumented movement analysis for understanding functional restoration and classifying amputees post-limb loss.