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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

1.9K
Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
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Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

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Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance01:07

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance

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Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion,...
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

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Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
249
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

242
Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...
242
Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models01:21

Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models

362
Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
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Physiologically based toxicokinetic models in aggregate exposure: A review.

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  • 1ESQlabs GmbH, Am Sportplatz 7, Saterland 26683, Germany.

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Summary

Physiologically Based Kinetic (PBK) models are crucial for aggregate exposure (AE) assessment, integrating human biomonitoring (HBM) data for reliable chemical risk assessment. This review highlights their broad application and future potential in advancing human health protection.

Keywords:
Aggregate exposureCombined exposureForward dosimetryInternal exposurePBKPBPKPBTKReverse dosimetry

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health Sciences
  • Toxicology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Aggregate exposure (AE) assessment is vital for chemical risk assessment (CRA).
  • Physiologically Based Kinetic (PBK) models offer a robust framework for AE evaluation.
  • Existing literature on PBK model applications in AE assessment requires synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of PBK model applications in AE assessment.
  • To identify chemical classes and exposure scenarios where PBK models are utilized.
  • To explore the integration of human biomonitoring (HBM) data with PBK models for enhanced reliability.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across 1119 publications.
  • Identification and selection of 40 relevant articles for review.
  • Analysis of PBK model applications, chemical classes, exposure scenarios, and data sources.

Main Results:

  • PBK models are widely applied in AE assessment, particularly for volatile organic compounds and plant protection products.
  • Human populations are the primary focus, with HBM data frequently used to improve model accuracy.
  • Studies support chemical risk assessment (CRA) and explore forward/reverse dosimetry for refined AE evaluations.

Conclusions:

  • PBK models, especially when combined with HBM data, are essential for reliable AE and CRA.
  • A broad interpretation of AE exists, necessitating standardized definitions.
  • This review provides a foundation for future research in PBK modeling for Next-Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA).