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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
Published on: October 5, 2019
Integration of Multiple Enzymes Within Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Efficient Cascade Photocatalytic
Jiakang Tang1, Yifei Lei2, Qingxuan Tang1
1State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Abstract:
The integration of photocatalysts and enzymes within confined environments offers a promising approach to developing artificial photosynthetic systems for sustainable CO2 conversion. However, the efficient coupling of photocatalysts with multiple enzymes to enable photo-enzymatic cascade catalysis remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the construction of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) that integrate Ru-based photocatalysts with three-enzyme cascades of formate dehydrogenase (FDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FaldDH), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) via in situ co-assembly in water. The RuHOF exhibits exceptional nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) photo-regeneration activity (4.5 mM h-1), while the FDH@RuHOF hybrid converts CO2 to formic acid with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 681 h-1 (238 µM h-1) over 24 h. By engineering FDH/FaldDH/ADH@RuHOF ternary systems, we achieve sustained CO2-to-methanol conversion through photo-enzymatic cascade catalysis, delivering 2.2 mM methanol production with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) of 5.5% (92 µM h-1) over 24 h with 85% activity retention after five catalytic cycles. This work opens a promising avenue for the development of efficient multi-enzyme cascade artificial photosynthetic systems toward steady and recyclable CO2 valorization.
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