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Relaxation pathways in x-ray free-electron-laser heated iron.

L Ansia¹, P Velarde², M Fajardo³

¹Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Universidade de Lisboa, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

Physical Review. E

|September 16, 2025

Summary

Nonthermal photoionized plasmas require accurate atomic models. This study shows M-shell ionization in iron is key for understanding electron relaxation, offering a new way to refine atomic cross-section calculations.

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Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Atomic Physics
Astrophysical Plasmas

Background:

Nonthermal photoionized plasmas are crucial in laboratory astrophysics and require self-consistent atomic and electron distribution models.
Understanding atomic processes under intense X-ray irradiation is essential for accurate plasma simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of inelastic thermalization on iron under intense X-ray irradiation.
To analyze the role of M-shell ionization in the relaxation of nonthermal electrons.
To assess the potential of M-shell satellite intensities for refining collisional cross-section calculations.

Main Methods:

Utilizing the BigBarT atomic model for self-consistent electron continuum evolution, including degeneracy effects.
Focusing on collisional M-shell ionization as the primary electron relaxation mechanism.
Analyzing M-shell satellite intensities as indicators of nonthermal ionization.

Main Results:

Collisional M-shell ionization is identified as the dominant relaxation process for nonthermal electrons in iron plasmas.
M-shell satellite intensities demonstrate sensitivity to nonthermal ionization effects.
The study highlights a potential method for refining difficult-to-compute collisional cross sections.

Conclusions:

Nonthermal ionization significantly influences M-shell satellite intensities in iron plasmas.
M-shell satellite spectroscopy offers a viable approach to improve the accuracy of atomic collisional cross sections.
Accurate atomic data is critical for modeling laboratory nonthermal photoionized plasmas.