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Clocking Femtosecond Collisional Dynamics via Resonant X-Ray Spectroscopy.

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This study measured ultrafast electron impact ionization dynamics in dense magnesium plasma using X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). Results reveal enhanced collisional cross sections due to dense-plasma effects, improving plasma models.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • X-ray Science

Background:

  • Electron-ion collisional dynamics are crucial for understanding plasma properties and evolution.
  • Ultrafast processes in dense plasmas are challenging to measure experimentally.
  • Applications include plasma transport, nonequilibrium evolution, and X-ray Free-Electron Laser (FEL) induced damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally measure ultrafast electron impact collisional ionization dynamics in a solid-density magnesium plasma.
  • To investigate the influence of dense-plasma effects on collisional cross sections.
  • To validate theoretical models and simulations of collisional processes in dense plasmas.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resonant core-hole spectroscopy with the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray FEL.
  • Resonantly pumped the 1s→2p transition in highly charged magnesium ions.
  • Measured population of off-resonance charge states via collisional processes on femtosecond timescales.

Main Results:

  • First experimental measurements of ultrafast electron impact collisional ionization dynamics in dense plasma.
  • Observed enhanced collisional cross sections due to dense-plasma effects like continuum lowering.
  • Developed a collisional cross section model that accurately matches experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • Dense-plasma effects significantly enhance collisional ionization cross sections.
  • Nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium collisional radiative simulations show excellent agreement with experiments.
  • Provides new insights into collisional ionization and three-body recombination in dense plasmas.