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Beyond Bioactive Glass Composition: Using Morphology to Improve In Vitro and In Vivo Performance.

Meixin Su1, Mert Ergin2, Diana Horkavcová3

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Bioactive glass (BG) morphology significantly impacts experimental outcomes and clinical applications. Tailoring BG

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Bioactive glasses (BG) are known for their therapeutic ion release and apatite formation capabilities.
  • Functionalization often focuses on chemical composition, overlooking physical characteristics.
  • Material morphology, including size, shape, and surface structure, is typically underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of bioactive glass (BG) morphology in experimental results and clinical product development.
  • To emphasize that BG physical characteristics significantly influence interactions with biological systems.
  • To review how BG morphology can be manipulated to control cellular and bacterial responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating BG in aqueous solutions, cell cultures, bacteria interactions, animal models, and clinical settings.
  • Analysis of how surface area to volume ratio affects ion release and apatite layer formation.
  • Examination of how surface roughness and patterning influence cell behavior and bacterial adhesion.

Main Results:

  • BG morphology, particularly surface area to volume ratio, dictates ion release rates and apatite layer formation.
  • Surface topography can control cell orientation, alignment, and adhesion.
  • Altered BG morphology demonstrates significant influence on in vitro and in vivo biological responses.

Conclusions:

  • Bioactive glass (BG) morphology is a crucial, often overlooked, parameter for optimizing performance.
  • Manipulating BG physical characteristics offers a powerful strategy for enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
  • Morphological considerations are essential for designing effective experiments and developing advanced clinical products.