Iron oxide nanoparticles: biosynthesis, peroxidase-like activity, and biosafety

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biocatalysis
• Materials Science

Background:

• Antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies.
• Natural enzymes like horseradish peroxidase have limitations for clinical use.
• Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) offer promising catalytic and magnetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the green synthesis of Fe3O4 NPs using bacterial platforms.
• To highlight the peroxidase-like (POD) activity of Fe3O4 NPs.
• To discuss the biomedical applications and knowledge gaps in Fe3O4 NP biosafety.

Main Methods:

• Focus on green synthesis of Fe3O4 NPs using iron-resistant and probiotic bacteria.
• Analysis of factors influencing the POD activity of Fe3O4 NPs.
• Review of literature on applications and biosafety assessments.

Main Results:

• Bacterial synthesis of Fe3O4 NPs is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and enhances stability.
• Fe3O4 NPs exhibit significant POD-like activity, useful in catalysis and antibacterial therapy.
• Bacterial strains offer a sustainable platform for Fe3O4 NP production.

Conclusions:

• Green synthesis using bacteria is a viable alternative for Fe3O4 NP production.
• Fe3O4 NPs show potential in diverse biomedical and environmental applications.
• Standardized biosafety evaluations are crucial for clinical translation.