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Disposable Copper Electrodes Based on Printed Circuit Board Technology for the Operando Generation of Raman-Enhancing

Martin Perez-Estebanez¹, Luis Romay¹, Maria Huidobro¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001Burgos, Spain.

Analytical Chemistry

|September 16, 2025

Summary

Copper-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates were electrosynthesized using printed circuit boards. These novel Cu-SERS substrates show promise for detecting tertiary amines in chloride media.

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Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Spectroscopy

Background:

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) typically utilizes gold or silver nanostructures.
Copper (Cu) SERS substrates offer potential but face challenges with chemical stability.
Recent advancements in synthesis, particularly electrosynthesis, are improving Cu nanostructure stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an electrochemical platform for operando generation of Cu-based SERS substrates.
To investigate the use of Cu-printed circuit boards for creating in situ SERS substrates.
To explore the application of these substrates for detecting tertiary amines.

Main Methods:

Electrosynthesis of Cu nanomaterials on printed circuit boards.
Operando Raman spectroscopy (Raman spectroelectrochemistry) for real-time substrate analysis.
Bidimensional UV/vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry for process understanding.

Main Results:

Successfully generated Cu-based SERS substrates operando in chloride media using an electrochemical platform.
Demonstrated the potential of these Cu-SERS substrates for detecting tertiary amines like cocaine, fentanyl, paraquat, and adenine.
Gained insights into the generation processes through complementary spectroelectrochemical studies.

Conclusions:

Cu-printed circuit boards provide a viable platform for operando generation of stable Cu-SERS substrates.
Electrosynthesis offers an effective route to overcome stability limitations of Cu-based SERS materials.
The developed platform shows significant promise for sensitive detection of various tertiary amines.