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Microstructure-Enhanced Magnetic-Driven Soft Actuator with High Force and Large Deformation.

Huimin Zhu¹, Weilun Song^2,3, Hongmiao Tian¹

¹Micro-and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|September 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel magnetic soft actuators with controlled particle agglomeration for enhanced flexibility and magnetic force. These advanced actuators enable complex movements and diverse applications in soft robotics and biomedical devices.

Keywords:

flexibility magnetic soft actuator microscale structure soft robot strong magnetism

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Area of Science:

Soft robotics
Biomedical engineering
Materials science

Background:

Magnetic soft actuators offer biocompatibility and magnetic responsiveness for biomedical and soft robotic applications.
Conventional designs struggle with a trade-off between magnetic force and flexibility due to uniform particle distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel microscale structure for magnetic soft actuators that overcomes the limitations of conventional designs.
To achieve controlled magnetic powder agglomeration for synergistic flexibility and magnetic force.

Main Methods:

Utilized a microscale structure-constrained fluidic formation technique.
Developed actuators with controlled magnetic powder agglomeration.

Main Results:

Achieved actuators with a low elastic modulus (0.5 MPa) and high magnetic force (12 mN).
Demonstrated actuators capable of complex biological movements (e.g., peristalsis, flapping, grasping).
Showcased bionic robots with inchworm locomotion, swimming, load-bearing, and quadruped crawling capabilities.

Conclusions:

The novel microscale structure effectively addresses the trade-off between flexibility and magnetic force in soft actuators.
The developed actuators exhibit enhanced performance and versatility, paving the way for advanced biomedical devices and soft robotics.
The technique allows for tailoring actuators to complex geometries and programming intricate biological movements.