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Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

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Published on: June 10, 2022

Advances in mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Engineering for Immune Cell Targeting and Immune Modulation.

Cheesue Kim^1,2, Yeji Lee³, Hyukjin Lee^3,4

¹Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

|September 17, 2025

Summary

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapies, delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), offer a powerful new approach to immunotherapy. These mRNA-LNPs enhance protein synthesis and immune cell reprogramming for treating diverse diseases.

Keywords:

cancer immunotherapy immune modulation inflammation lipid nanoparticles mRNA

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Biotechnology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Immunotherapy, utilizing antibodies, cytokines, and cell-based strategies, has revolutionized oncology and expanded into fibrotic, autoimmune, and infectious diseases.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) platforms enable in vivo protein synthesis with native modifications, improving bioactivity and reducing immunogenicity.
mRNA allows transient immune cell reprogramming without insertional mutagenesis risks, facilitating scalable manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in engineering mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for targeted immune cell delivery.
To explore strategies for cell-type-specific immune modulation using mRNA-LNPs.
To discuss applications of mRNA-LNP immunotherapies in various immune-related pathologies.

Main Methods:

Encapsulation of mRNA within lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to overcome challenges of naked mRNA delivery.
Engineering mRNA-LNPs for protected, efficient delivery to target immune cells.
Investigating cell-type-specific modulation of immune cell function via mRNA-LNPs.

Main Results:

LNPs protect mRNA from degradation and improve cellular uptake and targeted delivery.
mRNA-LNPs demonstrate potential for precise modulation of immune cell function.
Advances in mRNA-LNP engineering enhance delivery efficiency and immunological outcomes.

Conclusions:

mRNA-LNPs represent a promising platform for advanced immunotherapies across a spectrum of diseases.
Targeted delivery and cell-specific modulation are key to maximizing the therapeutic potential of mRNA-LNPs.
Further design considerations are crucial for the clinical translation of mRNA-LNP immunotherapies.