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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Published on: June 20, 2014

Recent Advances in Cobalt-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H Activation.

Saji Anjali¹, Panackalchirayil Sikhivahanan Devi², Gopinathan Anilkumar^2,3,4

¹Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, 690525, India.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)

|September 17, 2025

Summary

Cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation offers efficient and sustainable synthesis of complex molecules. Recent advancements have expanded its applications in organic chemistry, driving scientific innovation.

Keywords:

atom‐economy cobalt electrocatalysis oxidative C‐H activation sustainability

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Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

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Published on: June 20, 2014

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

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Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

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Published on: June 21, 2017

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Catalysis
Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

C-H activation is crucial in organic synthesis.
Cobalt catalysis has historical roots in transition-metal chemistry.
Oxidative cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation has gained recent attention.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent developments in oxidative cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation.
To cover literature published between 2020 and 2024.

Main Methods:

Literature review of scientific publications.
Focus on oxidative cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation reactions.

Main Results:

Recent advancements have broadened the scope of cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation.
New methods enable efficient, versatile, and sustainable synthesis of complex molecules.

Conclusions:

Cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation is a pivotal tool in modern organic chemistry.
Continued research drives innovation in synthesis and discovery.