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The School as a Protective Factor (SPF) framework effectively reduced adolescent depression rates by 42% in a rural school district over three years. This highlights the importance of school environments and academic-community partnerships for youth mental health.

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent mental health research
  • School-based health interventions
  • Educational psychology

Background:

  • K-12 environments significantly impact adolescent well-being.
  • Measuring and addressing social environments in schools presents challenges.
  • The School as a Protective Factor (SPF)-Framework and Brief instrument were developed to address these measurement gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the application of the SPF-Framework in an academic-community partnership.
  • To assess the effectiveness of SPF in a small, rural public school district.

Main Methods:

  • A school-based survey administered to middle and high school students from 2022 to 2025.
  • Tracking key risk and protective factors, including SPF measures.
  • Monitoring health outcomes such as depression and suicidal ideation.
  • Annual sharing of SPF data with school employees to guide environmental improvements.

Main Results:

  • SPF was significantly associated with reduced rates of depression and suicidal ideation.
  • Population-level depression rates decreased from 66% to 24% over the three-year study period.

Conclusions:

  • The SPF-Framework and Brief instrument are valuable tools for school-based youth mental health initiatives.
  • Academic-school partnerships facilitate effective data collection, analysis, and implementation of interventions.
  • SPF tools promote shared understanding, guide action, and measure progress in improving school environments.