Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

300
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
300
Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

347
Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
347
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

533
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
533
Transduction01:16

Transduction

1.3K
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
1.3K
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

589
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
589

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Changes in ppGpp levels impact gene expression and virulence features of Adherent-Invasive <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain LF82.

Current research in microbial sciences·2026
Same author

(p)ppGpp: the magic goes on.

Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR·2026
Same author

Prokaryotic homeostasis - a solution to thrive and survive.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2025
Same author

How to quantify magic spots - a brief overview of (p)ppGpp detection and quantitation methods.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2025
Same author

A simple and unified protocol to purify all seven Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma factors.

Journal of applied genetics·2024
Same author

LIC_12757 from the pathogenic spirochaete Leptospira interrogans encodes an autoregulated ECF σ<sup>E</sup>-type factor.

Veterinary microbiology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues
07:10

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

Published on: February 19, 2019

9.4K

Targeting the bacterial stringent response to combat human pathogens.

Filip Gąsior1, Katarzyna Bryszkowska1, Wiktoria Klasa1

  • 1Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting bacterial stringent response, mediated by guanosine alarmones (p)ppGpp, offers new strategies against antibiotic resistance. Modulating (p)ppGpp synthesis or hydrolysis by RelA-SpoT homolog enzymes is key.

Keywords:
(p)ppGppRelA/SpoT homologs (RSH)alarmonebacterial stress responsehost-pathogen interactionstringent response

More Related Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy Combined with Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Probe Single Bacterium Chemistry
08:51

Atomic Force Microscopy Combined with Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Probe Single Bacterium Chemistry

Published on: September 15, 2020

4.5K
Identification of Antibacterial Immunity Proteins in Escherichia coli using MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS and Top-Down Proteomic Analysis
09:26

Identification of Antibacterial Immunity Proteins in Escherichia coli using MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS and Top-Down Proteomic Analysis

Published on: May 23, 2021

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues
07:10

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

Published on: February 19, 2019

9.4K
Atomic Force Microscopy Combined with Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Probe Single Bacterium Chemistry
08:51

Atomic Force Microscopy Combined with Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Probe Single Bacterium Chemistry

Published on: September 15, 2020

4.5K
Identification of Antibacterial Immunity Proteins in Escherichia coli using MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS and Top-Down Proteomic Analysis
09:26

Identification of Antibacterial Immunity Proteins in Escherichia coli using MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS and Top-Down Proteomic Analysis

Published on: May 23, 2021

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Bacterial antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies.
  • The stringent response, regulated by alarmones guanosine penta- and tetra-phosphate ((p)ppGpp), is a critical bacterial survival mechanism.
  • RelA-SpoT homolog (RSH) enzymes control (p)ppGpp synthesis and hydrolysis, impacting bacterial adaptation to stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for modulating bacterial stringent response.
  • To explore targeting (p)ppGpp metabolism for combating bacterial pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stringent response and RSH enzymes.
  • Analysis of different approaches to inhibit or enhance (p)ppGpp turnover.

Main Results:

  • The stringent response is a viable target for antimicrobial development.
  • Strategies include blocking (p)ppGpp synthesis, inducing its production, or inhibiting its breakdown.
  • Modulating RSH enzyme activity offers a versatile approach.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the stringent response pathway presents a promising avenue for novel antibiotics.
  • Understanding (p)ppGpp metabolism is crucial for developing effective anti-bacterial therapies.
  • Modulation of RSH enzymes offers flexibility in therapeutic intervention against resistant bacteria.